Análisis de los Niveles de Audición en la Población Oncopediátrica Sometida a Tratamiento de Quimioterapia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n2.4804Palabras clave:
Audición/efectos de los fármacos, Niño, Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos, OtotoxicidadResumen
Introducción: En la infancia, el cáncer representa un alto riesgo de mortalidad, por lo que existe una preocupación por llevar a cabo tratamientos rápidos y eficaces. Sin embargo, el tratamiento puede dar lugar a efectos secundarios graves, entre ellos la ototoxicidad. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de la quimioterapia sobre los niveles de audición en niños con cáncer. Además, comprobar la presencia de quejas auditivas, los umbrales psicoacústicos por frecuencia, la relación entre el diagnóstico auditivo y las variables: edad, sexo y oído (izquierdo o derecho). Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y contemporáneo. Se evaluaron 42 niños con diagnóstico oncológico de ambos sexos, 17 niñas y 25 niños, con edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 11 años y 11 meses. A todos se les realizó una audiometría para la evaluación audiológica periférica. Resultados: La edad media de la muestra fue de 8,7 años (DE = 1,08). Se diagnosticaron seis
hipoacusias neurosensoriales (14,3%) y una hipoacusia conductiva (2,4%). Se identificaron niveles de audición limítrofes en 31 niños (73,8%). Conclusión: Los resultados de la muestra demostraron que la quimioterapia afecta a los niveles de audición de estos pacientes. Hubo una mayor prevalencia de niveles de audición limítrofes y pérdida de audición en el oído izquierdo, en los varones, predominantemente en el grupo de edad de 8 años.
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