Revisão dos fatores de risco para o câncer de boca e faringe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1998v44n4.2827Palavras-chave:
Neoplasmas de Boca e Faringe, Fatores de RiscoResumo
O presente artigo realizou breve análise de perfil epidemiológico de tumores de boca e faringe no Brasil e no mundo, bem como uma revisão da literatura pertinente a seus fatores de risco. Sua incidência, geralmente, varia entre 2% a 30% do total dos novos casos de câncer no mundo, e é fortemente influenciada pela localização geográfica. No Brasil, é a sexta localização anatômica mais comum nos Registros de Base Populacional entre os homens, sendo que a localização envolvendo a língua corresponde a 40% do total de casos. Os principais fatores de risco são o tabaco, o álcool e a interação entre ambos, que exibem forte efeito multiplicativo sobre o risco. A quantidade consumida e o tempo de exposição a estes dois fatores exibem, comumente, gradiente crescente de risco para o câncer. Elementos da dieta são considerados fatores de proteção, especialmente oβ-caroteno, enquanto estados de carência nutricional são comumente percebidos entre os casos. Condições de precária saúde bucal são achados comuns entre os casos de câncer de boca e faringe. As recentes linhas de pesquisa em patogênese e prevenção do câncer de boca e faringe têm estudado a contribuição viral e genética. O comprometimento de grupos etários mais jovens e de mulheres provavelmente deve-se à universalização dos fatores de risco, levando a esta modificação do perfil epidemiológico.
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