A review of risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1998v44n4.2827Keywords:
Mouth and Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Risk FactorsAbstract
This article was based on an analysis of epidemiological profile of oral and pharyngeal tumors +in Brazil and abroad, as well as a review ofliterature concerning the risk factors for these neoplasins. Generally the incidence rangingfrom 2% to 30% ofthe total of new cases world-wide and is strongly associated with geographical location. In Brazil, it’s the sixth commonest cancer site registred in Populational Based Registers among men. Tongue cancer corresponds to 40% of all cases. The major risk factors are tobacco and alcohol use and their interaction. The later presents a strong multiplicative effect over the risk. The amount of consumption and the length ofexposure to these two factors show an increase in the risk of cancer development. Diet elements are known as protective factors, specially the β-caroten, and nutritional debility is recognized among oral and pharyngeal cancer cases. Poor oral health is characteristic of almost all cases. New research lines on pathogenesis and cancer prevention have studied the contrihution of viral and genetical bases. A trend towards involveinent of younger age groups and the presence of women among the case groups for such neoplasms probably show a spread of exposure to risk factors, resulting in a future change in epidemiological profde of oral and pharyngeal cancer.
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