Calidad de Vida de Sobrevivientes de Cáncer Oncohematológico Sometidos a Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas: Revisión Integradora de la Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2022v68n4.2708Palabras clave:
calidad de vida, trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas, hematología, supervivientes de cáncer, neoplasiasResumen
Introducción: Los avances en el tratamiento relacionado con el cáncer oncohematológico han dado como resultado un número creciente de pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TPH) con éxito terapéutico, lo que requiere una mayor atención a la calidad de vida (CV) de los sobrevivientes. Objetivo: Identificar la CV de sobrevivientes oncohematológicos sometidos a TPH. Método: Revisión integradora, entre 2011 y 2021 con búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, SciELO y Cochrane Library. Se utilizó la estrategia SPIDER para responder las preguntas orientadoras; y el nivel de evidencia se clasificó según el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Resultados: Se incluyeron veintiséis artículos. Los instrumentos más utilizados para medir la CV fueron Quality of Life Questionnare – Core 30 y Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation. Variables biopsicosociales, educativas y clínicas, como comorbilidades, antecedentes, condiciones epidemiológicas y tipo de condicionamiento no influyeron significativamente en la CV de los sobrevivientes oncohematológicos sometidos a TPH. La calidad de vida se vio afectada en presencia de: problemas físicos crónicos, reingresos, cargas financieras, enfermedad de injerto contra huésped, fatiga, síntomas psicológicos, infecciones recurrentes, disfunciones en el funcionamiento sexual y fértil, neoplasias secundarias y síntomas físicos como dolor y trastornos del sueño. Conclusión: El sobreviviente del TPH mantiene demandas de atención biopsicosocial que influyen negativamente en la CV, evidenciando la necesidad de atención multidimensional.
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