Perfil Clínico-Epidemiológico y Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud de Mujeres con Cáncer de Mama en Tratamiento Quimioterápico: Estudio Observacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2022v68n4.3164Palabras clave:
neoplasias da mama/epidemiologia, neoplasias da mama/tratamento farmacológico, qualidade de vida, saúde da mulherResumen
Introducción: El cáncer de mama puede afectar a diferentes perfiles de mujeres en todo el mundo. Además, la quimioterapia para tratar las neoplasias de mama afecta directamente la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico y comparar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general y específica de mujeres con cáncer de mama durante quimioterapia. Método: Estudio observacional y prospectivo con 140 mujeres con cáncer de mama en el Noreste de Brasil evaluadas en la mitad del ciclo y al final de la quimioterapia. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante un instrumento general (EORTC-QLQ-C30) y un módulo específico (EORTC-QLQ-BR23). Los datos se compararon con una prueba pareada no paramétrica, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: En cuanto al perfil clínico-epidemiológico, la mediana de edad fue de 50 años, el 82,9% eran negros o mestizos y el 95% vivían en Sergipe, Brasil. Además, el 50,7 % no tenía ocupación, la renta familiar mediana era de un salario mínimo, así como el nivel educativo medio era de ocho años de estudio y solo el 40,7 % tenían la secundaria completa. Considerando los datos de los cuestionarios C30 y BR23, se observó que la mayoría de los ítems y escalas empeoró al final de la quimioterapia en comparación con el ciclo intermedio. Entre los ítems y escalas con diferencias significativas, la mayoría tuvo tamaños del efecto moderados o altos. Conclusión: Es posible concluir que el perfil clínico-epidemiológico fue desfavorable y la quimioterapia redujo varios aspectos de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de las mujeres con cáncer de mama.
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