Evidencias sobre el Uso de la Fotobiomodulación para la Disfunción Sexual en Mujeres con Cáncer de Mama en Tratamiento con Hormonoterapia: Revisión Integradora de la Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5333Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones, Antineoplásicos Hormonales/efectos adversos, Vaginitis Atrófica/inducido químicamente, Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/inducido químicamente, Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodosResumen
Introducción: La hormonoterapia es una de las principales estrategias en el tratamiento adyuvante del cáncer de mama en mujeres con receptores hormonales positivos. A pesar de su eficacia oncológica, se asocia a efectos adversos importantes, especialmente disfunciones sexuales derivadas del hipoestrogenismo prolongado. La fotobiomodulación ha sido propuesta como una alternativa no hormonal y no farmacológica para el tratamiento de disfunciones pélvicas femeninas, aunque su uso en esta población aún es limitado. Objetivo: Analizar, mediante una revisión integradora de la literatura, la evidencia disponible sobre el uso de la fotobiomodulación en disfunciones pélvicas femeninas, considerando su aplicabilidad en mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento hormonal. Método: Búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios con intervención de fotobiomodulación para disfunciones pélvicas, sin restricciones de idioma, año o tipo de estudio. Se identificaron 38 estudios, de los cuales 25 fueron analizados en profundidad. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron efectos positivos de la fotobiomodulación sobre el dolor, la lubricación vaginal, la función sexual, la estenosis vaginal y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de los protocolos y la falta de ensayos clínicos controlados limitan la generalización de los resultados. Conclusión: Aunque la evidencia actual sobre el uso de la fotobiomodulación para la disfunción sexual en mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento con hormonoterapia sigue siendo limitada y aún no permite una recomendación clínica sólida, esta revisión reúne información relevante que amplía el conocimiento disponible sobre el tema, ya que identifica vacíos y señala posibles mecanismos fisiológicos y resultados clínicos para el uso de la fotobiomodulación en la salud sexual femenina oncológica.
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