Inteligencia Artificial en el Control del Cáncer: Un Análisis Bibliométrico Global de Tendencias, Aplicaciones y Desafíos de Implementación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n2.5614Palabras clave:
Inteligência Artificial, Bibliometria, Big Data, Indicadores de Produção Científica, Ciência, Tecnologia e SociedadeResumen
Introducción La inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha aplicado cada vez más a lo largo de la continuidad del control del cáncer, abarcando la prevención, la detección temprana, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la gestión de los sistemas de salud. El rápido crecimiento de la investigación en IA en oncología refleja diversidad metodológica e interés global, con variabilidad en los contextos de implementación y validación. Objetivo: Mapear la producción científica global sobre las aplicaciones de la IA en la prevención y el control del cáncer, identificando tendencias de publicación, distribución geográfica, diseños de estudio, tipos de IA, niveles de implementación e implicaciones para los sistemas de salud y las políticas públicas. Método: Revisión bibliométrica conforme con Donthu et al. Se realizaron búsquedas en seis bases de datos en abril de 2025, guiadas por los principios PRISMA. La selección y elegibilidad fueron realizadas de forma independiente por dos revisores, con un tercero para la adjudicación. Las variables fueron año, autoría/afiliación, revistas, países, palabras clave, diseño del estudio, tipo de cáncer, fase del control, tipo de IA, nivel de implementación, coste-efectividad y Big Data. El análisis se llevó a cabo con Excel, VOSviewer y EndNote. Resultados: De 482 registros, se incluyeron 134 estudios. Las publicaciones aumentaron después de 2021, especialmente en países de altos ingresos (Estados Unidos y China). Predominaron el machine learning y el deep learning. Aproximadamente un tercio informó aplicaciones clínicas en el mundo real; la mayoría fueron estudios observacionales, narrativos o de modelado. Pocos abordaron la relación coste-efectividad o el Big Data a gran escala. Conclusión: Existe un crecimiento y una diversificación sostenidos de la IA en el control del cáncer, con énfasis en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento, niveles heterogéneos de implementación y relevancia para la organización del sistema y las políticas, incluso en contextos con recursos limitados.
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