Impacto de la Quimioterapia Neoadyuvante en la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud en Mujeres con Cáncer de Mama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n2.5683Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia, Terapia Neoadyuvante/efectos adversos, Calidad de Vida, Salud de la MujerResumen
Introducción: La quimioterapia neoadyuvante, utilizada en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, puede provocar síntomas y comprometer la funcionalidad, con repercusiones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en la CVRS a lo largo de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Método: Cohorte prospectiva con mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, incluidas en el grupo control de un programa de prehabilitación. La CVRS se evaluó antes del inicio y después de la finalización de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante mediante los cuestionarios de la European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer: Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) y Breast Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-BR23). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y la comparación de medias se efectuó mediante la prueba t pareada. Resultados: Participaron 51 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 52 años. Tras la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, se observó descensos significativos en las funciones física (p=0,001) y sexual (p=0,016), así como un empeoramiento de la fatiga (p=0,042) y de los efectos de la terapia sistémica (p=0,036). Por otro lado, se identificó mejoría del insomnio (p=0,026), del estado de salud global (p=0,048) y de los síntomas mamarios (p=0,001). Conclusión: Durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante para el cáncer de mama, las mujeres presentaron cambios relevantes en la CVRS, caracterizados por un declive funcional e intensificación de síntomas sistémicos, concomitantes con la mejoría de los síntomas mamarios y del estado de salud global, lo que refuerza la importancia del seguimiento continuo de la CVRS a lo largo del tratamiento.
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