Osteosarcoma with Pulmonary Metastasis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Young Patient: Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor characterized by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells producing osteoid. Although it can occur at any age, it is more common in children, adolescents, and young adults. Early recognition of the disease is essential for a favorable prognosis. Case report: Female patient L.S.M., 19 years old, sought medical care complaining of right knee pain after trauma. A bone biopsy confirmed the presence of osteosarcoma. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, completing two cycles before surgery for tumor resection and endoprosthesis implantation. Three months after surgery, a chest CT scan revealed bilateral pulmonary nodular metastases, as well as findings compatible with a tuberculous cavity and pulmonary parenchymal lesions. Conclusion: Although osteosarcoma is a rare neoplasm, it should be considered as a diagnostic hypothesis in young patients with persistent bone pain, even in cases associated with trauma. Early diagnosis is crucial to enable effective treatment in the localized phase of the disease, increasing the chances of cure. In the reported case, despite the relatively late diagnosis and progression to pulmonary metastases, the treatment provided clinical improvement for the patient.