Avaliação da Dor e Fatores Associados em Pacientes Submetidas ao Tratamento Cirúrgico de Câncer de Mama: Estudo Transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n4.5244Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias da Mama, Dor Pós-Operatória, Medição da Dor, Fatores de RiscoResumo
Introdução: A dor é uma complicação frequente após a cirurgia para o tratamento de câncer de mama e pode surgir por fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais, exigindo avaliação e tratamento multidimensionais. Seu impacto funcional é significativo, afetando as atividades diárias e a mobilidade dos membros. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de dor, caracterizá-la e analisar os fatores associados à sua intensidade em pacientes submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico para câncer de mama. Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre março de 2021 e março de 2022, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Um questionário estruturado foi utilizado para coletar dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de estilo de vida de pacientes no período pós-operatório de cirurgia para câncer de mama. A dor foi avaliada qualitativamente por meio do Questionário de Dor de McGill. Foi realizada regressão linear múltipla para identificar os fatores associados à intensidade da dor, utilizando o índice geral de dor do instrumento de McGill como variável dependente. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% para todas as análises estatísticas. Resultados: Foram incluídas 48 pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia mamária, com média de idade de 53,64±11,64 anos. Destas, 85% haviam sido submetidas à quimioterapia, 58,3% à mastectomia, e 62,5% relataram dor no momento da avaliação. A intensidade da dor apresentou associação negativa com o consumo de álcool (p = 0,04) e associação positiva com inatividade física (p = 0,02), presença de comorbidades (p = 0,02), positividade de linfonodos (p = 0,03) e tempo de pós-operatório (p = 0,03). Conclusão: Observou-se que a maioria das pacientes apresentou dor aguda e moderada no pós-operatória e sua intensidade foi associada ao estilo de vida, características clínicas e cirúrgicas.
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